15 research outputs found

    Exploring usable Path MTU in the Internet

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    This work is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 644399 (MONROE) through the Open Call. Additionally this work was partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688421 (MAMI). The opinions expressed and arguments employed reflect only the authors’ view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of that informationPostprin

    Tracing Internet Path Transparency

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    This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 688421, and was supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 15.0268. The opinions expressed and arguments employed reflect only the authors’ views. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of that information. Further, the opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Swiss Government.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Analysis of benzene-induced effects on rhodococcus sp. 33 reveals that constitutive processes play a major role in conferring tolerance

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    Most studies investigating mechanisms that confer microorganisms with tolerance to solvents have often focused on adaptive responses following exposure, while less attention has been given to inherent, or constitutive, processes that prevail at the onset of exposure to a toxic solvent. In this study, we investigated several properties of the highly solvent-tolerant bacterium Rhodococcus sp. 33 that confer it with a tolerance to high concentrations of benzene. When challenged with liquid benzene, the growth of both nonadapted and adapted cells was decreased by 0.25–0.30% (v/v) liquid benzene, and higher concentrations (>=0.35% v/v) produced a complete cessation in the growth of only nonadapted cells. When exposed to presolubilized benzene, nonadapted cells tolerated 1400 mg/l. Measuring the cell membrane fluidity of the cells during these exposure experiments showed that at the onset of exposure, the membranes of adapted cells were less affected by benzene compared to nonadapted cells, although these effects were insignificant in the long term. Several benzene-sensitive mutants were generated from this Rhodococcus, two of which were unable to degrade benzene, yet they still tolerated 500–800 mg/l. This confirmed our earlier work suggesting that the benzene-degradation pathway of this organism plays a minor role in tolerance. Under the phase and transmission electron microscope, the mutants were found to have lost the ability to produce extracellular polymers, and many cells appeared pleomorphic, containing intracellular membrane invaginations and mesosome-like structures. As will be discussed, these results identify important functions of the cell membrane, the cell wall, and extracellular polymer in their native state (i.e., before exposure) in conferring this organism with tolerance to benzene

    Investment Strategy and Growth in a New Market

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    This paper studies the strategic interaction among firms in a growing market. It focuses upon the investment decisions of the firms. Central to the analysis is the idea that investment and growth for the firm are constrained by physical and financial factors. Firms that enter early and/or firms that can grow rapidly can make preemptive investments. The paper studies the optimal levels of preemptive investment and the implications for the long-run structure of the market. The analysis of optimal preemption is similar in spirit to the von Stackelberg equilibrium concept in oligopoly theory.
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